History of Interior Design: Arts and Crafts Movement 1860-1910

The Arts and Crafts movement began in England. It was a movement that rebelled against the ornate and overdone collections of the Victorian movement. The founder of the Arts and Crafts Movement was William Morris. He believed that the Industrial Revolution created unattractive environments. He owned his own company (Morris, Marshall & Faulkner) and his work focused on church decoration, stained glass, textiles, and furniture. The eight major characteristics of the furniture of this movement are that they were hand-made.,based on medieval designs, the wood joints were visible, influenced by shaker furniture, made of wood oak, simple design, heavy, and large exposed hinges. The Morris chair is the symbol of the Arts and Crafts Movement. It was designed by Phillip Webb. The movement was later transformed by Edwin Godwin, who incorporated Japanese design elements into his work. In the second generation of the Arts and Crafts Movement, Charles Voysey was the first to use painted wood in his designs. When the Arts and Crafts movement became popular in the United States, Gustav Stickley invented the Sette chair and the reclining chair. The bungalow style also became popular in the United States. The later period of the Arts and Crafts Movement introduced Charles Rennie Mackintosh. He emphasized exaggerated proportions and used simple geometric forms. His designs led to the freedom of the Art Nouveau Movement.

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